2022年上海成考专升本英语考点：形容词和副词

　I.要点

　　A.形容词

　　1、形容词的用法

　　形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：

　　He is honest and hardworking.

　　I found the book interesting.

　　某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：

　　The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

　　The English like to be with their families.

　　多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：

　　冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

　　2、形容词比较等级的形式

　　(1)规则形式

　　一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;--est来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most.如：

　　great-greater-greatest

　　busy-busier-busiest

　　important-more important-(the)most important

　　(2)不规则形式

　　good(well)-better-best

　　bad(ill)-worse-worst

　　many(much)-more-most

　　little-less-least

　　(3)形容词比较等级的用法

　　①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than.如：

　　He is cleverer than the other boys.

　　This one is more beautiful than that one.

　　②表示两者以上的比较，用"the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)…"如：

　　He is the cleverest boy in his class.

　　③表示两者是同等程度，用"as+形容词原级+as".如：

　　He is as tall as I.

　　I have as many books as you.

　　④越…越…

　　例如：The more I learn,the happier I am.

　　⑤You can never be too careful.越小心越好

　　又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.

　　你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。

　　⑥I have never spent a more worrying day.

　　那一天是最令我担心的一天。

　　I have never had a better dinner.

　　这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。

　　⑦My English is no better than yours.

　　我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。

　　B.副词

　　1、副词的种类

　　(1)时间副词如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等

　　(2)地点副词如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。

　　(3)方式副词如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。

　　(4)程度副词如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,a bit,a little,hardly,so,very等。

　　2、副词比较等级的用法

　　其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：

　　Of all the boys he sings(the)most beautifully.

　　We must work harder.

　　3、某些副词在用法上的区别

　　(1)already,yet,still

　　already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：

　　We've already watched that film.

　　I haven't finished my homework yet.

　　He still works until late every night.

　　(2)too,as well,also,either

　　too,as well和also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.

　　He didn't go there either.

　　I like you as well.

　　I also went there.

　　(3)hard,hardly

　　hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：

　　I work hard every day.

　　I can hardly remember that.

　　(4)late,lately

　　lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：

　　He never comes late.

　　Have you been to the museum lately?

　　例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

　　A high enough B tall enough

　　C enough high C enough tall

　　解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。

　　例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

　　A When I take more medicine

　　B The more medicine I take

　　C Taking more of the medicine

　　D More medicine taken

　　解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+…,the+形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。

　　例3"I haven't been to London yet".

　　"I haven't been there ____".

　　A too B also C either D neither

　　解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。

　　例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

　　A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

　　解析：该题正确答案为B。A.deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。