2022年上海成考高起点《英语》复习资料：名词在句子中的作用

名词在句子中的作用：名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。

　　名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须不主语保持一致。

　　①.主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

　　All roads lead to Rome。(条条大路通罗马。)

　　His brother is an industrial engineer 。

　　The number of the students attending the party is increasing。

　　★the number of 表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。

　　Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。

　　★two-thirds 三分之二

　　几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。

　　belong to 属于某人

　　Both of us are studying English。

　　★总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式;

　　几分之几，谓语单数形式;

　　both 谓语使用复数形式。

　　②、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　All the money he received was given to his mother 。

　　Forgetting the past means betrayal。

　　What we are talking now is useless 。

　　③.主语部分若有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except 等短语，谓语动词的单、复数不短语前面的名词一致。

　　Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school。

　　(as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary 的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式)

　　No one except my friends knows anything about it。

　　④.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数

　　形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。

　　Three times two is six 。

　　Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. (three kilometers 作为整体来看)

　　⑤.Either， neither 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　Neither of us has been to Italy。

　　Has either of them been to Shanghai?

　　none 代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　None of the students have/has seen the film 。

　　None of the money belongs to me 。

　　⑥.主语由 either…or， neither…nor， not only…but also 连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。

　　Not only you but also I am wrong。

　　Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon 。

　　Either you or she is to do the work。

　　⑦.主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。

　　The bread and butter is nice。

　　⑧.主语前有many a， more than one 修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　Many a book has been read by the students。

　　★many a book=many books

　　More than one person has been to the Great Wall 。

　　⑨.集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时， 谓语动词用复数。

　　The committee meets once a year. (作为整体)

　　The committee are having a meeting now. (作为独立个体)

　　People， police 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

　　The police have come to arrest him。